Ch. 32

acid rain- rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions combine with water. Acid rain was a problem because of all the industries and the gas that they made.

culture shock- A condition of confusion and anxiety affecting a person suddenly exposed to an alien culture or milieu. People went through a somewhat culture shock when things started to change with Communism.

Interdependence- Mutually dependent. The entire world is interdependent on each other because we import and export things to and from each other.

liberation theology- A school of theology that calls for a freedom of people from political, social and material oppression. It was a very popular idea.

multinational corporation- Enterprises with branches in many countries. They have spread throughout the world.

Nonaligned- Nations that werent allied with either nation in the Cold War. Many countries chose this path.

Privatization-Selling properties to industries. Many nations hoped that this would help them get more money and form a better economy.

Terrorism- Deliberate use of violence. Many different people use terrorism to try and get what they want.

political instability in Africa- Civil wars and other different problems stopped them from economic success. Leaders spent money on weapons instead of education.

developing countries- Developing nations have made progress towards modernization, but some have not. Geography, poverty, and economic turmoil are just some reasons for this problem.

Effects of the Cold War- The Cold War was a war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, there was no actual fighting. Many nations were split between which side to take in the war.

spread of American culture around the globe- Since after World War II all of the styles and popular things in America have become popular in other parts of the world. America has influenced the fashion of many different nations.

Factories and Environmental Damage- The environment was damaged in many different parts because of so many factories. A lot of different things were affected by the factories, such as air quality.

Explain how computers have shaped new global culture- It is the most revolutionary development in the past 50 years. The computer has helped so many people worldwide.

Ch. 33

Détente- Relaxation of tensions. It brought new agreements to ease the nuclear weapons stockpile.

Deficit- Gap between what the government spends and what it makes. There is a large gap with our government.

Dissident- People who spoke out against the government. Brezhnev tried to suppress these people.

Glasnost- Openness. It was called for by Brezhnev as a two-part attack.

welfare state- Government takes more features, but has greater responsibilities. Leftist parties wanted this.

Leonid Brezhnev- Took over the Soviet Union after Krushchev.  He took over when Krushchev was pushed out of office.

Charles de Gaulle- Lead the Free French during the war. People turned to him when they got sick of their leaders.

Martin Luther King Jr.- Gifted preacher who became the civil rights leader. He gave the famous I Have A Dream speech.

Joseph Mc Carthy- He harbored Communist sympathies. His unjust charges ruined the careers of thousands of Americans.

Margaret Thatcher- British leader who opposed increased links with Europe. People in Denmark also opposed changes so that they could keep their unique identities.

Perestroika- Restructuring of the government and army. Gorbachev called for this among many other things.

service industry- Industry that provides a service instead of a product. They include many things, among them health care and education.

welfare state- Government takes more features, but has greater responsibilities. Leftist parties wanted this.

Mikhail Gorbachev- He was a key builder of the world we live in today. He paved the way for independence in Eastern Europe.

Helmut Kohl- The architect of unity. He assured the Germany united would not be a threat.

Nikita Krushev- Took over as Soviet leader. He shocked everyone when he publicly denounced Stalin in 1956.

Josip Tito- Guerilla soldier during World War II. He set up a Communist government in Yugoslavia.

Lech Walesa- Lead strikes by shipyard workers. The strike had 10 million members who wanted political change.

global economic competition- No one in the Soviet Union could solve the problems. The things they made were inferior to the ones of the West.

civil war in Yugoslavia- Civil war broke out in Yugoslavia because of nationalism after Tito died. The three main ethnic groups separated and formed their own countries and capitals.

American foreign policy during Cold War- The U.S. was the greatest military power at the time. During the war they used all of the economy and military forces to stop a communistic world.

NAFTA- Treaty that created a vast free-trade zone. It was between the U.S. and Canada and later expanded to Mexico.

Warsaw Pact- Formed by Communist nations in Eastern Europe. It came to an end after the Cold War.

NATO- Formed by Western democracies, and it was lead by the United States. It was made to defend the West against communism.

European Coal and Steel Community- Regulated coal prices. It was formed by six different nations.

Glasnost- Part of a two-part reform by Gorbachev. It was the first part.

1973 oil crisis- Showed how interdependent countries were on oil. When OPEC made the prices high, the U.S. freaked out.

Berlin Wall as a symbol of Cold War- It symbolized the division between communism and democracy. One side was Communist, the other democratic.

European Union- Was known as the Common Market. It expanded and became known as the European Union.

civil rights movement- There were many changes that occurred that reshaped American life. The time seemed peaceful, but there were many changes.

"ethnic cleansing" Bosnia- Removal of any ethnic group from the area the Serbs controlled. Many Bosnians were forced into the life of being a refugee.