Pg. 191, Questions (1-4)

1. a.Clovis: King of the Franks from 481 to 511.

b.Islam: Religion that spread throughout Europe and was feared by many.

c.Charlemagne: King of Franks who encouraged Education throughout his kingdom.

d.Alcuin: Educator and Scholar who was "Master of the Royal School".

e.Treaty of Verdun: Treaty where three sons divided their fathers kingdom.

f. Vikings: Invaders of Europe who would get drunk and work themselves up, then go kill large amounts of people in bloody rages.

2. Europe had dense forests that were good for growing crops, and they had many seas around them that were good for fishing and using as highways.

3. a. Islam led the first wave of invasions of invasion.

b. The Maygars, and the Vikings were part of the second wave of invasions.

c. The invasions led to open trade links that were set up by the Vikings.

4. Charlemagne tried to improve education. Even though he could not read or write he knew that it was important to have people who were literate.

Pg. 195 Questions (1-4)

1. a. vassal: Lesser Lords of the Feudal System

b. fief: Estate

c. knight: Mounted Warrior

d. chivalry: Knights code of cinduct

e. troubador: Wandering poets

f. manor: Lord's estate

g. serf: Peasants bound to the land they worked on

2. Three features of Feudal society were the manor, which is where many people lived and worked. Another is the training of Knighthood, when boys would start training to become Knights at the age of 7. A third is the different social classes, the Lords were the highest, the Vassals were lesser lords.

3. Chivalry made the women rulers of the household when the man of the house was gone. When the father or husband of the woman was off fighting at war, she would take over the manor. She supervised vassals, managed the household, and also did agricultural and medical work.

4. a. The peasant was bounded to the lord. When the lord gave him land, he would have to serve 40 days of military work for the Lord. He would also have to pay taxes at certain times, like when he got married, and he would have to ask permission to leave the manor.

b. The lord had to give the peasants land and food. They made sure the peasants were healthy so that the peasants could work.