Belal Abdel

Period 3

Ch.14 Outline

1. The Renaissance was a time of creativity and change in many areas.

2. The most important was the changes in the way people viewed themselves.

3. People of the Renaissance believed that their era was time of rebirth.

1. The Renaissance began in Italy because it was the center of Rome.

2. Italy was different from the other European cities because it survived the middle ages.

3. There was a wealthy merchant class that helped promote the cultural rebirth.

1. Humanism was an intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance.

2. They believed that education should stimulate people's creativeness.

3. Francesco Petrarch was a Renaissance humanist who assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts.

1. The arts are where the Renaissance reached it;s most glorius.

2. Renaissance art helped reflect humanist concerns.

3. Three of the main artists of this time were Leonardo da Vinci, Michaelangelo, and Raphael.

1. The most read book of the "how-to" books was The Book of Courtier.

2. The Book of Courtier was meant to describe the ideal man and woman.

3. Niccolo Machiavelli wrote a book on how to gain power, and then keep i

1. The northern Renaissance began in 1400s.

2. Albrecht Durer was called a "German Leonardo."

3. Jan and Hubert van Eyck painted pictures of town people and also made oil paintings.

1. Northern European humanist scholars stressed education and a revival of classical learning.

2. Desiderius Erasmus was a Dutch humanist.

3. Sir Thomas Moore and Desiderius Erasmus pressed for social and economic reform.

1. Many northern writers used modern languages of their countries when writing.

2. Francois Rabelais was a monk, ohysician, Greek scholar, and author.

3. William Shakespeare was the most famous English poet.

1. The development of the priniting press was the reason Renaissance literature reached so many people.

2. By the year 1500 there were already 20 million volumes printing.

3. The new press helped start the religious turmoil in 1500.

1. The Church became caught up in the world's problems.

2. Popes had a very luxurious life during the Rennisance.

3. The church sold indulgences which they said would pardon all the sins.

1. In 1517, protests against the church became a revolution.

2. In 1517, John Tetzel started selling indulgences.

3. Martin Luther nailed his in 95 theses to the church wall.

1. Some of the clergy saw Luthers reforms as the answer to corruption in the church.

2. Peasants revolted against the church in 1524.

3. Charles V and princes agreed to allow princes to choose Lutheran or Catholic for their religion.

1. John Calvin wrote the Institute of the Christian Religion.

2. Calvin said that all people's life were predestined.

3. Calvin set up a theocracy, which was a government run by church officials.

1. During the reformation there were hundreds of new Protestant sects.

2. Groups who believed that only adults should be baptized were called Anabaptists.

3. Most Anabaptists were peaceful.

1. Religious leaders in England called for Church reforms.

2. Henry the VIII asked the church to annul his marriage with Catherine because they only had one surviving child.

3. The pope refused Henry's request, so Henry started the Anglican church

1. Mary thought that Elizabeth was a threat to her because Elizabeth was popular and Protestant.

2. There was a plot against Mary, and with no proof Mary believed that Elizabeth had something to do with it.

3. Elizabethe became Queen and established England as a protestant nation.

1. There was a reform movement in the Catholic Church.

2. The pope started the Council of Trent.

3. Pope Paul strengthened the Inquisition, which was a Church court set up to stop the heresis during the Middle Ages.

1. Catholics and Protestants were killing eachother.

2. Witch hunting became popular because of the religious fervor.

3. The reformation was a hard time for European Jews because there was a large amount of pressure for the Jews to convert.

1. There were many wars of religion in Europe.

2. Issues of religion gave way to national power.

3. Catholic and Protestant rulers usually made decisions based on political interests.

1. European scholars accepted Ptolemy's idea that the Earth was the center of the universe.

2. Copernicus proposed a heliocentric model of the universe.

3. Most experts rejected the heliocentric idea, but it came to be accepted.

1. Isaac Newton discovered gravity.

2. Newton published Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.

3. Newton believed all motion in the universe could be measured and described mathematically.

1. The most important breakthroughs in the 1500s and 1600s were in chemistry and medicine.

2. Robert Boyle showed the differences between elements and chemical compounds.

3. Medieval physicians relied on the works of Galen.

1. Two main people of the scientific revolution were Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes.

2. Both Bacon and Descartes rejected Aristotle's scientific hypotheses.

3. Bacon and Descartes both differed in methods.