Belal Abdel

Ch.21 Outline

Preserving the Old Order:

1.The Congress of Vienna was a clear victory for conservative forces.

2.Conservatives included monarchs and members of their government.

3.They supported the political and social order that was under attack during

the French Revolution.

The Liberal Challenge:

1.Liberals were always challenging conservatives.

2.Liberals embraced Enlightenment ideas spread by the French Revolution.

3.Liberals wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and

seperation of powers.

Nationalist Stirrings:

1.A challenge to Metternichs power came from nationalists.

2.A major goal was to unify and gain independence for people with a common

heritage.

3.In the 1800s several Balkan people rebelled against the Ottomans.

Challenges to the Old Order:

1.Several challenges erupted in Vienna in the 1820s.

2.Metternich urged conservative rulers to crush the uprising.

3.A French army marched into Spain to stop a revolt.

France After the Restoration:

1.When the Congress of Vienna put Louis XVIII back in the throne, he made a

constitution.

2.Louiss efforts at compromise only satisfied a few people.

3.The ultras faced opposition from the other factions that existed.

The French Revolution of 1848:

1.Radicals formed secret societies to for a French republic.

2.At the end of the decade an economic slump shut down factories.

3.People lost their jobs and bread prices shot up.

"Europe Catches Cold":

1.Both revolts in Paris inspired uprisings elsewhere in Europe.

2.One of the most successful ones was in Belgium.

The Belgians resented the Dutch after they were combined.

The Springtime of the Peoples:

1.In 1848, revolts in Paris unleashed a tidal wave of revolution across Europe.

2.Revolution in France was the spark that touched off the revolts.

3.In the Austrian empire revolts first broke out in Vienna.

Looking Ahead:

1.The flickering light of rebellion faded by 1850.

2.Revolutions failed because they did not have mass support.

3.By mid-century, Metternich was gone from the European scene.

Climate of Discontent:

1.In the 1700s, the revolutionary fever that was in Europe spread to Latin

America.

2.In the 1700s educated Creoles read the works of Enlightenment thinkers.

3.During the revolutions young Creoles traveled in Europe and were inspired.

Haitis Struggle:

1.Revolution first came up in a French-ruled colony.

2.In Haiti, French planters owned sugar plantations.

3.In 1790 revolutionaries in France were talking about abolishing slavery.

Toussaint LOuverture:

1.Toussaint LOuverture was born into slavery in Haiti.

2.He learned to speak French nad the African language of his ancestors.

3.He was the leader of a slave revolt in 1791.

A Call to Freedom in Mexico:

1.The slave revolt in Haiti frightened Creoles in Spanish America.

2.Father Hidalgo told the speech known as "el Grito de Dolores."

3.Poor Mexicans rallied to Father Hidalgo.

New Republics in Central America:

1.Spanish ruled lands in Central America declared independence in the early

1820s.

2.Iturbide tried to add these new areas to his Mexican Empire.

3.Local leaders set up the United Provinces of Central America after Iturbides

overthrow.

Revolutions in South America:

1.In South America, Native Americans had rebelled against Spanish rule since

the 1700s.

2.The strongest challenge by the Native Americans was lead by Tupac Amaaru.

3.In the early 1800s there was a widespread of discontent among other South

Americans.

Independence for Brazil:

1.There were no revolution or military campaigns needed to free Brazil.

2.When Napoleon conquered Portugal, the Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil.

3.When the King returned to Portugal he left his son Dom Pedro to rule Brazil.